Calves refer to the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. The gastrocnemius is the larger, more apparent part of the calf, composed of two separate compartments. The soleus is a smaller, less observable part of the calves. It is both inferior (directionally) to the gastrocnemius, and on its peripheries. However, both muscles are important to develop for even and aesthetic calves.

One trains the calves directly by doing calf raises. However, calf raises with straight legs target the gastroc; with bent legs, the soleus. Just like other muscles, they key is to feel the calves stretch out as much as they can on the eccentric portion, and then to contract them so they become as short and firm as possible. Squeeze them as hard as you can while the muscles shorten. Indirectly, calves are worked well by squats, deadlifts and lunges. Sprinting and any position where you are on your toes also strongly incorporates the calves.